Main Article Content

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to examine the factors of intellectual capital, financial leverage, institutional ownership, and working capital management (WCM) on firm value and the role of profitability as a mediator in influencing firm value. The research analysis unit focuses on the conventional banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The panel data was taken from 28 commercial banks for five years (2016–2020), with 140 observations and data is analyzed using path analysis. Based upon the result of hypothesis testing, the study concludes that the positive correlation between profitability and firm value. Furthermore, intellectual capital, financial leverage, institutional ownership, and WCM also positively affect firm value and profitability. Based on data analysis using path analysis by comparing the path coefficient substructure, the results show that profitability acts as a mediator the effect of intellectual capital, financial leverage, institutional ownership, and WCM on firm value.

Keywords

Profitability WCM firm value

Article Details

References

  1. Aggarwal, D., & Padhan, P. C. (2017). Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Value: Evidence from Indian Hospitality Industry. Theoretical Economics Letters, 07(04), 982–1000. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2017.74067.
  2. Akben-Selcuk, E. (2016). Factors affecting firm competitiveness: Evidence from an emerging market. International Journal of Financial Studies, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs4020009.
  3. Aktas, N., Croci, E., & Petmezas, D. (2015). Is working capital management value-enhancing? Evidence from firm performance and investments. Journal of Corporate Finance, 30(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.12.008.
  4. Ali, D. jalal. (2018). Impact of Working Capital Management on Banks ’ Performance : Evidence from UK Impact of Working Capital Management on Banks ’ Performance : Evidence from UK. Near East University Graduate.
  5. Amanda, M. P., Lam, S., & Rianningsih, Ir. (2020). The effect of concentrated ownership on bank profitability in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 17(1), 22–42.
  6. Anton, S. G., & Nucu, A. E. A. (2021). The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Research Journal of Politics, Economics and Management, 14(9), https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010009.
  7. Arachchi, A. N. H., Perera, W., & Vijayakumaran, R. (2017). The Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm Value : Evidence from a Frontier Market. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v9i2.12449.
  8. Aryawan, I., & Indriani, A. (2020). Working capital management and profitability : evidence from Indonesian manufacturing companies. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 3(1), 36–46.
  9. Astuti, F. Y., Wahyudi, S., & Mawardi, W. (2018). Analysis of effect of firm size , institutional ownership , profitability , and leverage on firm value with corporate social responsibility (CSR ) disclosure as intervening variables ( study on banking companies listed on BEI period (2012-2016 ). Jurnal Bisnis Strategi, 27(2), 95–109.
  10. Bae, K. H., Baek, J. S., Kang, J. K., & Liu, W. L. (2012). Do controlling shareholders’ expropriation incentives imply a link between corporate governance and firm value? Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 105(2), 412–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.02.007.
  11. Bajo, E., Croci, E., & Marinelli, N. (2020). Institutional investor networks and firm value. Journal of Business Research, 112, 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.041.
  12. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  13. Bayraktaroglu, A. E. (2019). Intellectual capital and firm performance : an extended VAIC model. Journal of Intellectual Capita, 20(3), 406–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-12-2017-0184.
  14. Ben Le, B. Le. (2019). Working capital management and firm’s valuation, profitability and risk: Evidence from a developing market. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-01-2018-0012.
  15. Bodnaruk, A., Loughran, T., & McDonald, B. (2015). Using 10-K text to gauge financial constraints. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 50(4), 623–646. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109015000411.
  16. Borroni, M., & Ross, S. (2019). Bank Profitability : Measures and Determinants. In Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions (pp. 23–53). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15013-6.
  17. Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2011). Fundamentals of Financial Management. In Salemba Empat. Jakarta. (Vol. 11).
  18. Chauhan, G. S., & Banerjee, P. (2018). Financial constraints and optimal working capital – evidence from an emerging market. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-07-2016-0131.
  19. Chen, Z., Harford, J., & Kamara, A. (2019). Operating leverage, profitability, and capital structure. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(1), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109018000595.
  20. Cook, R. (2013). The Relationship between Corporate Governance Practices and Firm Performance in the Junior Canadian Life Sciences Sector. Saint Mary’s University, Master of Business Administration, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  21. Cosset, J., Somé, H. Y., & Valéry, P. (2016). Does Competition Matter for Corporate Governance ? The Role of Country Characteristics. Journal Of Financial And Quantitative Analysis, 51(4), 1231–1267. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2162966.
  22. Dalci, I. (2018). Impact of financial leverage on profitability of listed manufacturing firms in China. Pacific Accounting Review, 30(4), 410–432. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-01-2018-0008.
  23. Dee, A., Ab-Rahim, R., & Mortadza, N. S. (2019). Intellectual Capital of Malaysian Banks. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(6), 774–785. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i6/6032.
  24. Dewi, N. putu I. K., & Abudanti, N. (2019). Pengaruh Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Tehadap Nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 8(5), 3028–3056.
  25. Dioha, C., Mohammed, A. N., & Okpanachi, J. (2013). Effect of Firm Characteristics on Profitability of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria Dioha Charles. Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies, 4(2), 14–31.
  26. Doğan, M. (2020). Institutional Ownership and Firm Value: A Study on the Bist Manufacturing Index. Ekonomika, 99(2), 59–75.
  27. Dzenopoljac, V., Yaacoub, C., Elkanj, N., & Bontis, N. (2017). Impact of intellectual capital on corporate performance : Evidence from the Arab region. Journal of Intellectual Capital, https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2017-0014.
  28. Endri, E., & Fathony, M. (2020). Determinants of firm’s value: Evidence from financial industry. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.8.011.
  29. Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2006). Profitability, investment and average returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 82(3), 491–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.009.
  30. Firer, S., & Williams, S. M. (2003). Intellectual capital and traditional measures of corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital Vol., 4(3), 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930310487806.
  31. Gamlath, M., & Yogendrarajah, R. (2019). Working Capital Management and Profitability: An Analysis of Listed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conference, 39–48.
  32. Godswill, O., Ailemen, I., Osabohien, R., Chisom, N., & Pascal, N. (2018). Working capital management and bank performance: Empirical research of ten deposit money banks in Nigeria. Banks and Bank Systems, 13(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(2).2018.05.
  33. Gonçalves, T. C., Gaio, C., & Robles, F. (2018). The impact of working capital management on firm profitability in different economic cycles: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Economics and Business Letters, 7(2), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.7.2.2018.70-75.
  34. Hatane, S. E., Setiadi, M., & Tarigan, J. (2019). The Intervening Role of Value Added Intellectual Capital on The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Firm Value. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 20(3), 213–235. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.2003125.
  35. Herli, M., & Hafidhah, H. (2018). Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terdahap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. PERFORMANCE: Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi, 7(1), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.24929/feb.v7i1.405.
  36. Hoque, A., Mia, A., & Anwar, R. (2015). Working Capital Management and Profitability : A Study on Cement Industry in Bangladesh. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(7), 18–29.
  37. Husna, A., & Satria, I. (2019). Effects of Return on Asset, Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Firm Size, and Dividend Payout Ratio on Firm Value. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(5), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8595.
  38. Ibhagui, O. W., & Olokoyo, F. O. (2018). Leverage and firm performance: New evidence on the role of firm size. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 45(February), 57–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.02.002.
  39. Jensen, C. M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Racial diversity and its asymmetry within and across hierarchical levels: The effects on financial performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718812602.
  40. Jihadi, M., Vilantika, E., Hashemi, S. M., Arifin, Z., Bachtiar, Y., & Sholichah, F. (2021). The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0423.
  41. Joshi, M., Cahill, D., Sidhu, J., & Kansal, M. (2013). Intellectual capital and financial performance : an evaluation of the Australian financial sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(2), 264–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311323887.
  42. Kasmir, K. (2016). Analisis Laporan Keuangan. In Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada (p. 3).
  43. Kawakibi, A. A., Sumiati, S., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2019). The Effect Of Working Capital Management. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 20(5), 30–37.
  44. Khasanah, F. N. U., & Harjito, D. A. (2020). The Effect of Funding Decisions and Intellectual Capital on Firm Value with Profitability as an Intervening Variable in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Sharia Stock Index. International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR), 7, 5–12.
  45. Kim, H., Kim, Y., Mantecon, T., & Song, K. R. (2019). Short-term institutional investors and agency costs of debt. Journal of Business Research, 95, 195–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.019.
  46. Kyere, M., & Ausloos, M. (2021). Corporate governance and firms financial performance in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(2), 1871–1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1883
  47. Mention, A. L., & Bontis, N. (2013). Intellectual capital and performance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(2), 286–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931311323896.
  48. Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1963). The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261–297. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.3594.952.
  49. Morshed, A. (2020). Role of working capital management in profitability considering the connection between accounting and finance. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 5(2), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-04-2020-0023.
  50. Moussa, A. A. (2018). The impact of working capital management on firms’ performance and value: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Asset Management, 19(4), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-018-0081-z.
  51. Myers, S. C. (1977). Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 147–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(77)90015-0.
  52. Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0.
  53. Nafiroh, S., & Nahumury, J. (2016). The influence of intellectual capital on company value with financial performance as an intervening variable in financing institutions in Indonesia. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 6(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v6i1.604.
  54. Nguyen, A. H., & Doan, D. T. (2020). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm Value : Empirical Evidence From Vietnam. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(4), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p74
  55. Nguyen, A. H., Pham, H. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2020). Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.115.
  56. Nha, B. D., & Loan, N. T. B. (2015). Working Capital Management and Firm Value: Evidence from the Vietnamese Stock Market. Http://Papers.Ssrn.Com/Abstract=2648066, 19, 1–11. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2648066.
  57. Ni, Y., & Huang, P. (2019). Do intellectual capitals matter to firm value enhancement ? Evidences from Taiwan. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1469-1930 DOI 10.1108/JIC-10-2019–0235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-10-2019-0235.
  58. Nimtrakoon, S. (2015). Intellectual capital, firms’ market The relationship between value and financial performance Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 16(3), 587–618.
  59. Nurkhin, A., Wahyudin, A., & Fajriah, A. S. A. (2017). Relevansi Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Nilai Perusahaan Barang Konsumsi. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 1, 35–46.
  60. Osazuwa, N. P., & Che-Ahmad, A. (2016). The moderating effect of profitability and leverage on the relationship between eco-efficiency and firm value in publicly traded Malaysian firms. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(2), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2015-0034.
  61. Ovechkin, D. V., Romashkina, G. F., & Davydenko, V. A. (2021). The impact of intellectual capital on the profitability of russian agricultural firms. Agronomy, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020286.
  62. Ozili, P. K., & Uadiale, O. (2017). Ownership concentration and bank profitability. Future Business Journal, 3, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.07.001.
  63. Paputungan, R., Subroto, B., & Ghofar, A. (2020). Does institutional ownership moderate the effect of intellectual capital and company value ? International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 9(1), 127–136.
  64. Pham, K. X., Nguyen, Q. N., & Nguyen, C. Van. (2020). Effect of Working Capital Management on the Profitability of Steel Companies on Vietnam Stock Exchanges. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.n10.741.
  65. Pulic, A. (2008). The Principles of Intellectual Capital Efficiency - A Brief Description. In Zagreb: Croatian Intellectual Capital Center, available at: http://www.cik-hr.com/data/principles_2008.pd.
  66. Purba, J. T., & Africa, L. A. (2019). The effect of capital structure , institutional ownership , managerial ownership , and profitability on company value in manufacturing companies. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 9(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v9i1.1619.
  67. Rahmadani, F. D., & Rahayu, S. M. (2017). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance ( GCG ), Profitabilitas dan Leverage Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan ( Studi Kasus pada Perusahan Perbankan yang Terdaftar Pada BEI Periode 2013-2015 ). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 52(1), 173–182.
  68. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2003). Intellectual capital and firm performance of US multinational firms:A study of the resource-based and stakeholder views. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930310472839.
  69. Sakawa, H., Ubukata, M., & Watanabel, N. (2014). Market liquidity and bank-dominated corporate governance: Evidence from Japan. International Review of Economics and Finance, 31, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2013.11.005.
  70. Sakawa, H., & Watanabel, N. (2020). Institutional Ownership and Firm Performance under Stakeholder-Oriented Corporate Governance. Sustainability, 12(1021).
  71. Sartono, A. (2010). Manajemen Keuangan Teori dan Aplikasi (p. Yogyakarta).
  72. Senan, N. A. M., Anagreh, S., Al-dalaien, B. O. A., Almugari, F., Khaled, A. S. D., & Al-homaidi, E. A. (2021). Working Capital Management and Banks ’ Performance : Evidence from India. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 747–758. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0747.
  73. Seth, H., Chadha, S., & Sharma, S. (2019). Benchmarking the efficiency model for working capital management : data envelopment analysis approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, DOI 10.1108/IJPPM-10-2019-048. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-10-2019-0484.
  74. Setyabudi, T. (2021). The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Leverage, and Profitability on Firm Value with Dividend Policy as an Intervening Variable. Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(7), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr27.1632021.
  75. Singh, R. D., & Narwal, K. P. (2015). Intellectual capital and its consequences on company performance: A study of Indian sectors. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 12(3), 300–322. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLIC.2015.070169.
  76. Singh, S., Sidhu, J., Joshi, M., & Kansal, M. (2016). Measuring intellectual capital performance of Indian banks: A public and private sector comparison. In Managerial Finance (Vol. 42, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-08-2014-0211.
  77. Singla, H. K. (2020). Does VAIC affect the profitability and value of real estate and infrastructure firms in India ? A panel data investigation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(3), 309–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-03-2019-0053.
  78. Soana, M. G., Barbieri, L., Lippi, A., & Rossi, S. (2021). The effect of multiple large shareholders on banks’ profitability and risk. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041888.
  79. Sudarma, M. (2004). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemili- kan saham, Faktor Intern, Faktor Ekstern terhadap Struktur Modal dan Nilai Perusahaan. Disertasi Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
  80. Sudiyatno, B., Puspitasari, E., Suwarti, T., & Asyif, M. M. (2020). Determinants of Firm Value and Profitability: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 769–778. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.769.
  81. Sugosha, M. J., & Artini, L. G. S. (2020). The Role of Profitability in Mediating Company Ownership Structure and Size of Firm Value in the Pharmaceutical Industry on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences, 7(1), 104–115.
  82. Sujoko. (2007). Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Strategi Diversifikasi, Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Empirik Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Dan Non Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Jakarta). Ekuitas, 11(55), 236–254. https://ejournal.stiesia.ac.id/ekuitas/article/view/317/298.
  83. Tahu, G. P., & Susilo, D. D. B. (2017). Effect of Liquidity , Leverage and Profitability to The Firm Value (Dividend Policy as Moderating Variable) in Manufacturing Company of Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 8(18), 89–98.
  84. Thanatawee, Y. (2014). Institutional Ownership and Firm Value in Thailand. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 7(2), 1–22.
  85. Ujah, N. U., Tarkom, A., & Okafor, C. E. (2020). Working capital management and managerial talent. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 17(3), 455–477. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-12-2019-0481.
  86. Ulum, I. (2014). Intellectual Capital Performance of Indonesian Banking Sector : A Modified VAIC ( M-VAIC ) Perspective. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v6i2.5246.
  87. Wasiuzzaman, S. (2016). Working capital and firm value in an emerging market. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 11(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-01-2013-0016.
  88. Yustyarani, W., & Yuliana, I. (2020). Influence Of Intellectual Capital, Income Diversification on Firm Value Of Companies With Profitability Mediation: Indonesian Banking. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi, 12(1), 77–89.