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September 10, 2023
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March 20, 2024
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April 29, 2024
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Abstract

Purpose ─ This study examines the effects of economic growth, the use of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and trade openness on carbon emissions in VISTA countries (Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkiye, and Argentina)
Method ─ In this work, empirical methods include the second-generation unit root and cointegration tests, as well as Panel AMG and Panel CCE estimators.
Findings ─ The following are the key findings. First, the variables demonstrate a long-run relationship. Second, economic growth and the consumption of non-renewable energy sources contribute to an increase in carbon emissions over time, whereas the consumption of renewable energy sources lowers carbon emissions over time.
Implication ─ To promote sustainable growth in VISTA countries, it is recommended to increase investments in renewable energy sources while enhanching public sector supports for the private sector.
Originality ─ This is the first study to examine how economic growth, trade openness, and renewable and non-renewable energy sources affect carbon emissions in VISTA nations.

Keywords

VISTA countries economic growth trade openness renewable and nonrenewable energy carbon emissions

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Bayar, İlyas, & Dabakoglu, M. (2024). How do economic growth, trade openness, and non-renewable and renewable energy affect environmental quality in VISTA Countries?. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol16.iss1.art6
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